Introduction
*Propranolol* is a *non-selective beta-blocker* used to treat various heart conditions, anxiety symptoms, and migraine prevention. It works by *slowing the heart rate* and reducing the heart’s workload, making it effective in managing cardiovascular and stress-related disorders.
Brand Names
Common brand names of Propranolol include:
- *Inderal*
- *Ciplar*
- *Deralin*
- *Dociton*
- *Provanol*
Mechanism of Action
Propranolol blocks *beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors*, leading to:
- Reduced heart rate and blood pressure
- Decreased tremors and physical symptoms of anxiety
- Prevention of migraine-related vascular changes
Indications / Uses
Propranolol is prescribed for:
- *Hypertension (high blood pressure)*
- *Angina (chest pain)*
- *Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)*
- *Anxiety and performance anxiety*
- *Post-heart attack management*
Dosage & Administration
Hypertension/Angina: 40–160 mg/day (divided doses)
Anxiety: 10–40 mg before stressful event
Migraine prevention: 80–160 mg/day
Tremors: 40 mg twice daily
Dosage must be adjusted based on the condition and patient response.
Side Effects
Common:
- Fatigue
- Cold hands/feet
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Sleep disturbances
Serious (rare):
- Bradycardia (very slow heart rate)
- Bronchospasm (in asthmatics)
- Depression
- Hypotension
- Masking signs of hypoglycemia
Precautions
- Not recommended in *asthma or COPD*
- Use cautiously in *diabetes* – may mask low blood sugar symptoms
- Avoid abrupt withdrawal – taper gradually
- Not ideal for people with *low heart rate or AV block*
Conclusion
Propranolol is a versatile and effective beta-blocker used in a wide range of conditions from heart diseases to anxiety and migraine prevention. It is generally well tolerated but should be used under medical supervision, especially in patients with respiratory or metabolic conditions.
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